Evaluation of the effects of chronic periodontitis on TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression in gingival tissues

In periodontal diseases, pathogen discrimination by the immune system is an essential factor for triggering host responses. The Toll-like receptor family is responsible for recognition of evolutionarily conserved microbial structures like bacterial lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and activates signaling pathways that eventually lead to immune responses. The aim of the present study was to use real-time PCR to compare TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression levels in diseased sites and healthy sites of gingival tissue from periodontitis patients. Gingival biopsies were harvested from healthy sites [BOP- and PD /= 5mm] of 20 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. RNA was extracted from all gingival biopsies. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate relative quantities of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA. Statistical analyses were done using the Paired Wilcoxon test [2 related sample tests]. The relative expression levels of both TLR-2 and TLR-4 were significantly higher at diseased sites [2.41 +/- 2.06 and 1.25 +/- 1.16] than at healthy sites [0.91 +/- 1.04 and 0.41+0.60] [P<0.01]. Periodontal disease can significantly increase TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression in gingival tissues

Investigation of periodontal conditions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Periodontal disease with alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss is common in rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. RA subjects show inadequate plaque control due to physical disability as well as compromised immune response, both of which might result in a greater predisposition to periodontal disease in these subjects than in the normal population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Periodontal status [plaque index, papillary bleeding index, and missing teeth] was examined in 70 individuals including 35 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and 35 healthy individuals as control group. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and student /-test Patients with rheumatoid arthritis included 31 females [88.6%] and 4 males [11.4%] with a mean age of 45 years. Healthy control group included 26 females [74.3%] and 9 males [25.7%] with a mean age of 37 years. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed significant increases in Plaque index [P=0.0001], papillary bleeding index [P=0.002], and number of missing teeth [P=0.03] compared to the healthy control group. Three patients also had secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a greater level of periodontal disorders compared to control group. In addition to the effects of this chronic inflammatory disease and immune host deficiened, this could be attributed to physical disability in maintaining oral health and gingival effects of and rheumatic medications

[Histologic and morphometric evaluation of the effects of bio-oss and cerasorb, on residual ridge preservation following tooth extraction in dog]

Following extraction of teeth the alveolar ridge resorbs and may result in inadequate bone volume for dental implant placement. The aim of this study was to make a histologic and morphometric analysis of the effect of using Bio-oss [a bovine derived xenograft] and Cerasorb [a beta tricalcium phosphate synthetic material] in preventing or reducing the alveolar bone resorption following tooth extraction in comparison with empty sockets as untreated control in a dog model. In this interventional animal study, 5 healthy adult dogs were used. The 2[nd] and 3[rd] mandibular premolars were extracted after reflecting a surgical flap. Following random allocation, the available sockets either served as the untreated control [n=13] or received either Bio-oss [n=10] or Cerasorb [n=10] as test groups. An alginate impression was taken before the application of materials to fabricate a stone cast to serve as an index to make morphometric measurements. The healing events were uncomplicated and six months after the surgical procedures, the dogs were sacrificed and after removing the soft tissues, another impression was taken from the mandibular hard tissues and the tissue blocks were prepared for histologic examination. Morphometric maesurments aimed to measure the changes in vertical dimentions of the buccal and lingual bony plates as well as the horizontal reduction of the ridge at the crest. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. The histologic evaluation included the examination of the quality of the harvested hone as well as the inspection for the presence of remnants of unresorbed biomaterials. The mean changes of buccal and lingual crests and mean ridge reduction were not significantly different between control and cases groups. Histologic examination revealed that in all three groups, the cortical bony plates were thinner and of lower density at the buccal side compared to the lingual side. No trace of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in any groups. In general, the histologic appearance of the 3 types of specimens resembled to normal lamellar bone. The results of this study showed that the vertical and horizontal resorbion of alveolar ridge following the extraction were minimal at three groups even at the untreated control sites

effect of periodontal treatment on IL-6 production of peripheral blood monocytes in aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis patients

Several cytokines, including IL-6 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It is established that monocytes from periodontitis subjects show an increased production of IL-6 as compared to healthy subjects. However, little is known about the effect of periodontal treatment on IL-6 production by monocytes in subsets of periodontitis patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surgical periodontal treatment on IL-6 production of peripheral blood monocytes [PBM] in aggressive periodontitis patients [AP] and chronic periodontitis patients [CP] before and after stimulation by E.coli LPS. Fifteen AP patients, 15 CP patients and 15 periodontally healthy subjects [PH] took part in the study. PBM IL-6 production was measured, using ELISA, before and after stimulation of cultured PBM cells by 0.1 jig/mi LPS of Emit. Following full-mouth non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment of the AP and CP groups, the same measurements were repeated for these two groups. LPS-stimulated lL-6 production was significantly greater than non- stimulated IL-6 for all 3 groups. Before periodontal treatment, LPS-stimulated TL-6 production of the AP group was significantly greater than the other 2 groups. Periodontal treatment did not result in a significant decrease in unstimulated or LPS-stimulated IL-6 production by PBM cells in AP and CP patients. No correlation was detected between TL6 levels and baseline clinical parameters or changes in clinical parameters. PBM cells in AP patients might be hyper-responsive in terms of IL-6 production. This hyper-responsiveness does not seem to return to that of healthy subjects even after a successful periodontal treatment. Moreover, the regulation of host inflammatory mechanisms upon LPS challenge might be different between AP and CP patients

[ effect of occlusal function and thermal changes on Dyna magnet force in artificial mouth]

Magnets were first used for over denture retention in 1977. The use of implant retained over denture with magnets offers a simple treatment approach to the problem of instability of the conventional complete denture. Advantage with magnets include technical simplicity and reduced lateral stresses on the abutments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of function, thermal changes and time duration on Dyna magnetic force in artificial mouth model. In this longitudinal in vitro study, we used eight Dyna system magnets [2.5 [asterisk] 500]. One magnet was used control and the others were placed in artificial mouth affected by different forces functional and thermal changes ranging from 5 to 55[degree sign]c throughout ten years. The force of repulsion had been measured after 3, 5, 10 years and decreased respectively 11.9%, 19.1%, 22.5%, as compared to baseline, however clinically this reduction was not significant in terms of denture retention. During the study period the magnets lost some of their repulsion force, In addition, their steel coatings were not damaged over time. However, viewing the results of this study, it could be concluded that repetitive function and variable mouth temperature are effective factors in reducing magnet retention in an over denture attachment in the long term